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Since the beginning of 2025, Russian courts have issued several landmark rulings in the field of personal data processing. These cases affect the interests of banks, marketplaces, solid waste management operators, employers, and online platforms. Some positions confirm long-standing approaches (withdrawal of consent does not terminate processing where a contract or legal obligation exists), while others establish new guidelines for businesses (processing of a beneficiary's data without consent, inadmissibility of contacting a previous employer without the candidate's permission).

Our review covers seven recent cases with conclusions that will help DPOs, legal teams, and information security departments minimize risks and establish compliant processes.

The study presents a comparative legal analysis of the regulation of artificial intelligence ("AI"), with a focus on judicial practice in three post-Soviet states — Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.

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Active public discussions continue regarding the draft law “On the Foundations of State Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in the Russian Federation”, drafted by the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation. The document covers the development, implementation and use of artificial intelligence (hereinafter – “AI”), and establishes obligations for service owners, developers and users. Below is an overview of the key changes that will affect businesses.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from an experimental technology into one of the key drivers of transformation in the pharmaceutical industry and the healthcare system as a whole. Machine learning and big data analysis algorithms are used at all stages of the drug life cycle—from molecular target discovery and molecule design to clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and personalized therapy. At the same time, AI is increasingly being used directly in medical practice: in diagnosis, disease progression prediction, clinical decision support, and robotic surgery.

Such widespread implementation of AI is accompanied by significant legal, ethical, and regulatory challenges. These include the opacity of algorithms ("black box"), the risk of systematic errors and data bias, issues of liability allocation between the physician, the medical organization, and the developer, as well as the protection of patients' personal medical data. This review combines an analysis of AI regulation in pharmaceuticals and medicine in Russia, the European Union, and the United States with practical cases of AI use and court practice, forming a comprehensive picture of the current state and trends in development.